a piece of her mind :: essays research papers

Frequently our decisions depend on our fundamental needs and what causes us to feel safe. However, there is consistently that moment question tangled inside our gut, considering what might have occurred on the off chance that we took the perilous, the reluctant, and the all the more exciting way. One of the most general encounters people face as we age is we begin to think back upon our lives and miracle on the off chance that we settled on the correct decisions. For certain individuals, they experience a â€Å"mid life crisis† and decide to start from the very beginning once more, frantically longing for an alternate outcome. Others stay as it were of despairing, disheartened by their dreams of what life could have been had they picked â€Å"the other path.† What on the off chance that I had hitched in an unexpected way? Imagine a scenario in which I had picked an alternate profession. These â€Å"what ifs† start to heap on top on each other, making a frustratin g pile of vulnerability and hypothesis. Inside Mrs. Dalloway, Virginia Woolf depicts Mrs. Clarissa Dalloway as a lady who is investigating these inquiries in a solitary evening of her life. On the off chance that Mrs. Dalloway were to have kept a journal during this one day in her life, coming up next is a portion of what I figure she would have written in it. Dear Diary,      â€Å"As a cloud crossed the sun, quietness falls on London: and falls on the psyche. Exertion stops. Time folds on the pole. There we stop; there we stand. Inflexible, the skeleton of propensity maintains the human frames.†(49) Earlier today, he just remained there before me, his disappointment figure appearing to be more overwhelming than any time in recent memory. As my eyes met his, window hangings of memory started to disentangle inside my psyche, revealing the old sheds of relinquished emotions. It was too hard to even think about ignoring the throbbing agony I felt when my eyes met hit. My eyes hysterically looked for a departure outlet. As I went through the colossal wooden entryways towards the little room, I had to stand up to the golden quietness of a shockingly placeless spot. I examined the room I had quite recently got done with cleaning about an hour sooner. While everything seemed, by all accounts, to be all together and purged of any residue or chaos, any slight issue jumped out at me. The drained racks inclined aside under the heaviness of missing books, presently pushed to the floor maybe by the breeze. Appearances were covering the divider, caught in high contrast mercilessness of photos and the quieted mumble of blurred giggling.

Analysis of the 8th Amendment

Investigation of the eighth Amendment eighth Amendment Introduction The eighth (Amendment VIII) to the United States Constitution can be legitimately characterized as the segment of the United Sates Bill of Rights what restricts the government from forcing over the top fines, neither exacting remorseless and uncommon disciplines nor forcing inordinate bail. The eighth amendment was endorsed to be a piece of the United States Constitution in the year 1791.This amendment was practically like a specification made in the English Bill of Rights of 1689 where the legislature made an announcement to the point that they needed to work as their progenitors had by not requesting for over the top bail neither impressive unnecessary fines nor delivering unfeeling or surprising disciplines. On account of England the arrangement was predominantly determined by the discipline including Titus Oates. During the reign of King James II during the 1680s Titus Oates filled in as an apparatus in the London pillory circuit. Oates was included numerous conventional punishments that had been aggregately forced constrained on him in a way that was both extreme and unmatched. Oates had lied after swearing to tell the truth which prompted numerous blameless individuals being set under capital punishment. Parliament endorsed the revelation against â€Å"cruel and irregular disciplines â€Å"for England in the year 1689. The statement was clarified by the parliament that it should forestall disciplines, for example, the one incurred on Titus Oates by the Kings Bench. In December 1689 the then parliament embraced the arrangement to be passed into law. The primary state to receive a stand like that of England on the issues was the territory of Virginia. In the year 1776 the Virginia affirmation of rights joined the English bill of rights and afterward went on above and beyond to suggest in the year 1788 that the above arrangement be remembered for the US constitution as at the Virginia show that intended to support the U.S constitution. It was some Virginia states men, for example, Patrick Henry and George Mason that previously embraced that congress be constrained by utilization of the limitation as in the English bill of rights. This depended on the feelings of trepidation that if that didn't occur the congress could deliver a few disciplines that were both irregular and serious on crooks. The two Virginians likewise focused on the requirement for the Congress to get rid of the line in the English bill of rights that appeared to concede to torments and brutal discipline exacted on its kin previously. And furthermore prescribed co ngress to begin the institution of common law for the more polished precedent-based law. At long last Mason and Henry were fruitful in their mission and afterward the eighth amendment was received by the United States. In the year 1789 James Madison changed the words should in the English bill of rights to† will at that point proposed it to the congress for revision. Brutal and surprising disciplines The eighth amendment as indicated by the Supreme Court precluded completely the curse of certain disciplines and simultaneously disallow some different disciplines which when contrasted with the wrongdoing for which they were given for apparently was inordinate or those which supposedly was over the top when the fitness of the culprit was placed into light. This was viewed as essential in light of the fact that in the previous years a portion of the decisions passed on to the individuals were in overabundance considering the way that the culprits were either awkward to perpetrate such wrongdoings or the violations submitted were minor. In the year 1962 the incomparable courts decided that the unfeeling and unordinary disciplines act applied to all the conditions of the United States through the fourteenth amendment. This followed the case including Robinson versus California, 370 U.S. 660 in the year 1960. Before the Robinson case the eighth amendment had just before been applied in arguments against the national government. For the situation including Furman versus Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 of the year 1962 the four rules that would decide if a discipline passed onto a culprit was â€Å"cruel and unusual† were composed by Justice Brennan. These included articulations that for the discipline passed on deciding by how extreme it is corrupt human respect under conditions as on account of torment, it likewise that any strange and barbarous discipline was one which was absolutely and plainly dismissed by the entire society, one which apparently was dispensed in a way that supposedly was completely self-assertive or one that was evidently pointless. Brennan proceeded to compose that it was a desire that no American state would pass a law that would appear to sabotage any of the four principals, with the end goal that all choices made in court including the eighth amendment would consider all the these standards. The disciplines for which as indicated by the eighth revise were illegal paying little heed to the wrongdoing submitted would incorporate any type of eviscerating, open analyzing, drawing and quartering or copying alive. This comparable to the four Brennan standards where disciplines that were completely dismissed a ll through the general public. In the instances of Atkins versus Virginia 536 U.S. 304 of 2002 the preeminent court proclaimed executing intellectually debilitated individuals fell in the illegal disciplines and furthermore on account of Roper versus Simmons 543 U.S. 551 of 2005 where the court decided that executing individuals under18 years was an infringement of the eighth amendment paying little heed to the wrongdoing submitted by the culprit. Disciplines that were illegal for specific violations remembered cases for which the court needed to topple disciplines, for example, the cadena transient which ordered that â€Å"hard and difficult labor† shackling are discarded while during the time spent detainment or when confronted with common incapacities that were changeless. The case referenced above occurred in 1910 and was frequently observed as a methods for building up some proportionality while applying the eighth amendment. In some different cases it was decided that rebuffing a characteristic brought into the world American resident for any wrongdoing by removing his citizenship was seen to be unlawful and crude as it included totally harming the people status in the general public. For a situation including Coker versus Virginia 433 U.S. 584 of 1977 the court at the time unmistakably expressed that the inconvenience of a capital punishment or assault was absolutely illegal and that applied to whatever other sit uation where demise didn't happen. It proceeded to explain that assault violations by definition do exclude either demise or even any genuine body mischief to the next individual. Exorbitant fines For a long time the United States Supreme Court never had a lot to state when the subject of over the top fines was referenced. In one early case the Supreme Court had no capacity to overhaul any decisions passed by a lower court as respects the subject of overwhelming fines being forced on somebody. In later years the need to need to survey the measure of fines exacted on an individual since it generally prompted the detainment in light of the fact that the individual couldn't raise the sum forced on him/her by the court. In a stage intended to guarantee equivalent resident insurance the court figured out how to put to significance the words â€Å"excessive fines† when contrasted with the individual for whom the judgment is intended to influence. Be that as it may, the court additionally precluded applying the above provision couldn't be applied to cases including private situations where the administration had not been associated with the arraignment nor was it to get any po rtion of any of the granted harms. This choice depended on the goal for which the extreme fines provision was intended for. The court obviously expressed that when the eighth amendment was received into the US constitution the word ‘fine was taken to allude to any installment that would need to be made to sovereign substance for an offense submitted. THE court left open the choice with respect to whether the condition could be applied to qui cap activities or cases including common punishments and yet it reasoned that the over the top fines proviso was at first expected to influence the fines that were just forced by one payable to the administration. In cases including any affable relinquishment the over the top fines statement could be applied. The significance of the proviso as it respects to the quantum discipline of a specific offenses when it is autonomous of the capacity of the guilty party to pay the fine forced on him despite everything anticipates the consequence of lawful procedures. Inordinate bail In England it was the obligation of the sheriffs to choose whether or not an individual had the right to be allowed bail. Because of the ceaseless maltreatment of intensity by the sheriffs the administration in those days discharged a rule that plainly arranged the bailable and the non-bailable offenses. Be that as it may, these rules could be undermined by the choice of the Kings judges. As indicated by the law then an individual could be held without bail contingent upon the orders of the sovereign power. It was frequently contended that the King didn't have the power to settle on such choices and this prompted the encroachment of human rights when individuals were purposefully kept in jail notwithstanding having submitted bailable offenses. This and a lot more ambiguities were in the long run put to an end by the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679. After the Habeas Act was passed judges were confronted with the choice to set the bail sums however they regularly represented a few sums that were impracticable. It was until the year 1689 that the English bill of rights restricts the interest of inordinate rights yet a further change to recognize bailable and non bailable offenses was required. Bail is supposed to be over the top and infringing upon the Eighth amendment if the incentive to which it is set is higher when contrasted with the sensibly determined worth that is planned for guaranteeing the administrations stated intrigue. The point of setting bail is supposed to be as an assurance that the individual who is denounced is attending present himself for court date and acknowledge the sentence that is passed on to him and no more. All together for an individual

Trust vs. Mistrust Learn About Psychosocial Stage 1

Trust vs. Mistrust Learn About Psychosocial Stage 1 Theories Psychosocial Psychology Print Trust vs. Mistrust: Psychosocial Stage 1 Learning to trust the world around us By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 22, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 10, 2018 Psychosocial Development Overview Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair The trust versus mistrust stage is the first stage of psychologist  Erik Erikson’s  theory of psychosocial development, which occurs between birth and approximately 18 months of age. According to Erikson, the trust versus mistrust stage is  the most important period in a person’s life because it shapes our view of the world, as well as our personalities.?? Eriksons  psychosocial development theory  has seven other stages that span throughout a persons lifetime. Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee   Overview This first stage of psychosocial development consists of:Psychosocial Conflict: Trust versus mistrustMajor Question: Can I trust the people around me?Basic Virtue: HopeImportant Event(s): Feeding What Happens During This Stage It is in this initial stage of development that children learn whether or not they can trust the world. As you might deduce, it is the care they receive from their parents and other adults that is critical to forming this trust. Because an infant is entirely dependent upon his or her caregivers, the quality of care that the child receives plays an important role in the shaping of the child’s personality. During this stage, children learn whether or not they can trust the people around them.?? When a baby cries, does his caregiver attend to his needs? When he is frightened, will someone comfort him? When she is hungry, does she receive nourishment from her caregivers? An infants ability to communicate his or her needs are limited, so crying carries an important message. When a baby cries, there is some need that should be met with a response from caregivers, whether it involves providing food, safety, a fresh diaper, or a comforting cuddle. By responding quickly and appropriately to an infants cries, a foundation of trust is established. When these needs are consistently met, the child will learn that he can trust the people who are caring for him. If, however, these needs are not consistently met, the child will begin to mistrust the people around him.?? If a child successfully develops trust, he  will feel safe and secure in the world. Caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or reject the child contribute to feelings of mistrust in the children they care for. Failure to develop trust can result in fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable. Erikson believed that these early patterns of trust or mistrust help control, or at least exert, a powerful influence over that individuals interactions with others for the remainder of his life. Those who learn to trust caregivers in infancy will be more likely to form trusting relationships with others throughout the course of their lives. Trust May Be Genetic There have been multiple studies devoted to understanding what goes into the tendency to be trusting, but not nearly as many in the quest to understand why certain people are more mistrustful than others. Its clear that environment has a big part in both, just as Erikson states. One recent study done with female twins, both identical and fraternal, shows evidence that while a trusting personality seems to be at least in part genetic, a mistrustful or distrusting personality seems to be learned from family and other social influences.?? Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Modernist Architecture During The 19th Century - 1459 Words

Modernist architecture emerged in the late 19th century, as a response to rapid changes in technology which created new perceptions of time and space. Some of the features of modern architecture included the extensive use of modern materials like glass and steel, the rejection of history and a simplification of forms by the reduction of ornament. One of the first modernist architects was Louis Sullivan, who coined the phrase ‘Form Follows Function’. To Sullivan this meant the elimination of ornament so that the architecture was an expression of purpose, designing buildings inside out allowing the structure to dictate the form and appearance. Sullivan influenced many architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright and Adolf Loos, who were also pioneers of modernist architecture. Loos in particular was against excessive ornament and his text Ornament and Crime (1898) became significant for the modern movement. Although Loos’ minimalist style deferred from most of his contemporaries, particularly those of the Viennese Succession, he shared similar ideas with Charles Rene Mackintosh regarding ornament. Subsequently Loos went on to influence numerous architects, one of them being Le Corbusier. Loos being the common thread, I will examine his Goldman Salatsch Building (1909) comparing it to Sullivan’s Wainwright Building (1890), Mackintosh’s Glasgow School of Art (1897–1909) and Le Corbusier’s Villa Jeanneret and Villa La Roche (1923). Each architect shared the same philosophiesShow MoreRelatedThe Modernism Movement Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesModernism started as a movement around late 19th and 20th centuries. It rejected the conventional forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, social organisation and everyday life as they felt it was incompatible with the new economical, social and political conditions that was emerging at that period of time. Many distinctive styles can be defined as modernist, but majority of them had very similar values and theories on different aspects of society. It gave birth to a whole array ofRead MoreDifferences Between Modernism And Postmodernism1576 Words   |  7 PagesPost-modern Architectures movement in the 20th century’s, and found inspiration in the movements and the way the two movements has made a massi ve impact in the world of Architecture world Modernism Looking into the modern Architecture movement I found out that, Modernism is the single most important new style or philosophy of architecture and design of the 20th century, associatedRead MoreModernism And Its Impact On Art And Architecture Throughout The Twentieth Century2528 Words   |  11 Pagesnineteenth century and was mostly noticeable in art and architecture throughout the twentieth century, also having a large influence on typography and graphic design methods. It changed both these ways of communication by creating a more clean-cut and distinct typeface, which would later be utilised worldwide. The term ‘Modernism’ emerged particularly as a result of large-scale changes to artistic and societal aspects due to the rise of industrialisation during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. ArtistsRead MoreNational Identity- A Semse of a N ation as a Cohesive Whole Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesculture, and language1 The architecture of the Twentieth century has been shaped by powerful social, economic and political forces. This has stemmed from influence of war, diverse political regimes, national and international architectural movements and technological development. Along with this architects and ideas has been able to travel around the world more than ever before and from this designs have become apparent that sought to break with the past. Architecture that was once specific andRead MoreThe First World War And The Reconstruction Of Britain2496 Words   |  10 Pagesbrutalist buildings during the 1950s and 1960s. By exploring historical and contextual factors, this essay will discuss what technological advancements occurred and contributed towards the birth of Brutalism. Within this essay there will be discussion about the way the Second World War and the reconstruction of Britain changed the direction of British architecture and which architects were most influential in this redevelopment process. Furthermore, it will explore the Modernist movement by evaluatingRead MoreAn Essay on Modernism2160 Words   |  9 Pagesthat were produced during the modernist period. There has been a lot of controversy about when modernism started, yet many believe it initiated sometime in the late 19th century and continued to the early 20th century. The modernist movement was meant to be a break from traditions and it was set up to se parate the value of certain works from the conservative realism. For instance, Unlike the traditional art that was aesthetic, this movement was more about space and form. In modernist design, shape andRead MoreModernism And Postmodernism1207 Words   |  5 Pagesprimary beliefs of the Modernist genres that appeal in someway or the other to the various movements and also the writers. Modernism in general can broadly be described as the â€Å"deviation from the ancient and classic manner†. (Johnson, J., The New Royal and Universal English Dictionary, Millard, 1763). It is the radical movement away from the past in search of new styles of expression. It refers to a reforming movement away from the traditional forms in various fields like architecture, art, music, andRead MoreEssay on Modernism Brought Much Change into the World1074 Words   |  5 Pages​Modernism or modernist poetry refers to the time period where poems were written by various people between the 1890s and 1970s. Modernism poets have a lot of knowledge and their works reflect it. The Era of modernism brought on modern language as it referred to thought, practice or someone’s character. This brought on a lot of change in the world. The thought behind the thinking of modernist poets were that of individualism. The modern movement came about as the result of the industrial revolut ionRead More Design Trends In Architecture Essay2243 Words   |  9 PagesDesign Trends In Architecture The more things change, the more they stay the same. While art has always been an ever changing form, it has deep roots in traditionalism; whether an artist or designer looks at the art that came before him and is inspired to follow that form, is inspired to do something completely opposite, or sees the flaws which, if corrected, could make that work of art perfect, he is ultimately quite influenced by what came before him. Nowhere is this more evident than inRead MoreThe Rites Of Spring By A Modris Ekstein1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel â€Å"The Rites of Spring† is written by a Modris Ekstein is a Latvian author whose family was negatively impacted by the German occupation during the war. This literary work is based on the Ekstein’s claims about modernisms influence in the cause of World War 1. He divides the book into the acts similar to the play in that is the books namesake. Throughout this work, Ekstein argues that the ideology of modernism, which is primarily concerned with â€Å"introspection, death, emancipation, primitivism

My Recipe of Stress Management Personal Essay

My Recipe of Stress Management As of today, the ability to manage stress is one of the most important qualities that a person has to possess in order to become successful. Why is it so? About 20 years ago the situation was completely different – people lad settled and deliberate lives, and were happy with that state. But what do we have now? The world changed drastically within this period. There arose many opportunities, people understood that in order to reach their goals it was necessary to have fast reactions, clear plans and many other constituents. Of course, in this situation stress is inevitable. That is why psychologists invented various techniques of how to cope with stress and succeed out of its overcoming. As for me, I also have a recipe, which I successfully follow whenever there stressful situations occur. To my mind, the main thing in stress management is the very perception of this state. If you consider it to be an obstacle in your life and you begin to panic whenever fast reactions are required from you, you will have many problems in this state. But if you perceive it as a catalyst of your reactions, will learn how to behave in calm and concentrated way in stressful situations, you are doomed to success and are sure to become a precious element of society and especially of your working environment. In this way, you will receive many additional opportunities instead of problems, which is great, isn’t it? Of course, there are situations when you just can’t force yourself to action and are at a standstill. As for me, in such situations I try to relax for about 5 minutes, think about some pleasant things and return to my urgent assignment when the thoughts in my head become balanced and I am able to make reasonable decisions. In my case, the above mentioned methods work 100% and I really recommend trying them in your practice.

The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during Free Essays

The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during 527 to 565 BC and Romanus IV in 1068 to 1071 AD were two most important events in Byzantine. The former marked the stability and economic growth of the land and the former was known to start the end of the empire. Byzantine (Istanbul today), which was called as an extension of Roman Empire in eastern part, after it was captured and made it a province. We will write a custom essay sample on The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during or any similar topic only for you Order Now Justinian known as ‘Justinian the Great’ according to Alexander A. Vasiliev â€Å"is the central figure of this entire period† (1954, 132) for invading Italy, pacifying Africa and controlling Persia from invading the land through his faithful and able generals named Belisarius and Mundo (Treadgold, 1997, 207). Romanus IV on the other hand had a strategy that did not work for him. Romanus IV gathered large army in troops enough to defeat the enemy, yet he lost the battle for he lost control of them due to disloyalty of his men. Justinian seldom joined the army, while Romanus was at the center of the battle. Justinian delivered direction and instruction to his trusted men, and Romanus IV if not misunderstood, was left alone by his warriors to seek refuge (Bradbury, 2004, 176). The challenges in the reign of Justinian were the uprising of the people and uncontrollable circumstances that weakened his control – the plagues and earthquakes that befell the land. Romanus IV’s challenges were much severe since he reigned at the time when Byzantine never had any recur but to drive away the Seljuk Turks to contain the territory at the midst of unfaithful generals and warriors. Justinian was just fortunate to have a wife and Belisarius who advised and obeyed his command. Romanus IV had a different case instead because he was caught unprepared despite a well-organized plan he made to win the battle. His greatest challenge was not the number of enemy but the sphere of his influence as a leader to execute commands. Romanus had no lawful men and he was unaware of that; besides, the empire was surrounded by men with greedy ambition. Bibliography Bradbury, J. 2004. The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. USA: Routledge. Treadgold, W. 1997. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. USA: Stanford University Press. Vasiliev, A. 1954. History of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453. USA: University of Wisconsin Press. How to cite The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during, Papers

Prediction of rising stars in the cricket - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Prediction of rising stars in the cricket. Answer: Introduction: The report gives an overview of one of the most popular sport of Australia that is cricket. A discussion gives an overview of the sport along with an analysis how it helps the participants in terms of time, health benefits, money and opportunity cost. There is also a part in the report that discusses about the growth of Cricket in Australia and worldwide along with mention of the participation trend for the sport in the past. The report also predicts about the future trends of cricket along with recommendations for its future funding. Sport is an essential part of the culture in Australia that dates back to the colonial period. Cricket is a sport that has helped in shaping the national as well international identity of the country. Overview of the Cricket in Australia Cricket refers to a popular sport in Australia not only at the international level but also at the local and domestic level. However, the primary administrative body for the sport both at the amateur and professional level is Cricket Australia (Sissons Stoddart, 2014). Australia has a record of around 1,311,184 people who played cricket in the year 2015 -16. This represents an increase of 8.5 percent compared to the previous year thereby making it the highest participation sport in the country. The participation rate of women in the sport was also at a record high in the year 2015-16 (Appadurai, 2015). Cricket is however a sport that is played in Australia for more than 210 years. The first cricket match took place in Sydney in the year 1803 in the month of December. As far as, international cricket is concerned the Australian national team represents the most successful team. Australia is also one of the nations aided in forming the International Cricket Council(ICC) (Hulin et al., 2013). This country plays test series against visiting team, one-day tournament between other teams on the home ground and undertakes overseas tours for the remaining year. Games in cricket played over number of days or hours thereby making it a sport that have the longest time of playing. First class matches for the sport played over a period of three to five days with six hours of dedicated cricket per day (Appadurai, 2015). However, one-day cricket matches lasted for a minimum of six hours. There are special rules for intervals in the game that included tea, drinks and lunch. Cricket Australia has recorded revenue of around $300 million. The leading players of Australia earn around $1million per year. Cricket is a sport that entails various health benefits to the participants through increase in endurance and stamina and balance and flexibility. The sport also improves coordination and enhances cardio vascular activities (Orchard et al., 2015). Through the sport, the participants are able to improve motor and social skills along with improved physical fitness. Cricket is a sport that helps in muscle toning and team building. Growth of the Cricket in Australia and the Participation Trend for Cricket in the Past The growth of Cricket in Australia has been commendable and considered as the leading participation sport in the year 2015-16 (Hickey et al., 2016). The national cricket censuses have also revealed the participation of female players that accounts for almost one quarter of all the players.The participation rate for Cricket in the year 2016-17 recorded was close to around 1.4 million players. The evidence of these put forward by the latest census on National Cricket by Cricket Australia. However, out of 1.4 million participants around 27 percent represented females. The rate of female participation also increased compared to previous year with nearly 400,000 players compared to only 80,000 players in the previous year (Biscomb Griggs, 2013). According to the Census, there was an increase in the multicultural participation close to 28 percent. Indigenous participation and disability participation for the sport also that accounted for about 40 percent and 70 percent respectively (Eime et al., 2015). The communities and club participation also increased to 9.5 percent that was close to figures around 454,657. Amongst them juniors, aged between the age group of 5 to 12 years made up around 59.4 percent of the participants in the year 2015-16 (Sissons Stoddart, 2014). The participation figures for Cricket outstripped by the attendance rate of the audience. The year 2016-17 set a newer record of 1.8 million Australians attending the elite cricket(Khoo, Schulenkorf Adair, 2014). Figures showed 1,863,846 people attending the international cricket backed by stronger television rating. The indoor and school participation also increased by 9.9 percent and 7.5 percent respectively. Figure: Participation Trend for the Year 2016-17 Source: (Hickey et al., 2016) The past participation trend in the sport has also been immense. Cricket was in the heart of Australia from time immemorial. The initial recorded match of the sport occurred in Sydney in the year 1803. The first tour to Australia was by an English cricket team in the year 1861-62. In the year, 1868, a team of Aboriginal cricketers was the first Australian cricket team who toured England (Hajkowicz et al., 2013). Overall, the team participated in 47 matches of which they won 14 matches, had a draw in 19 matches and lost around 14 matches. The standards of Australian cricket raised during its representative tour that it took to England in the year 1878. Although war brought a halt to the test cricket in Australia however the end of war in Europe in the year 1945 started by playing a victory test in England. The year 1970 saw administrators and players coming to conflict. Prediction of the Future Trends of Cricket There is a prediction for the development of a comprehensive five-year strategy put forward by the authoritative board, Cricket Australia, following the conference on Australian Cricket in Melbourne (Ahmad et al., 2016). The comprehensive strategy, there will be a greater emphasis on a clear structure of international cricket that will enhance the importance of Test Cricket. The strategy will also have a greater emphasis on Big Bash League for the female as well as male players particularly for complementing the international cricket. The trends put forward by the strategy will also include: Ensuring a True Sport for Girls and Women: The strategy will help in amplifying the focus on the importance and role of elite female cricketers thereby ensuring that cricket is a sport for everyone. The approach will be available from the grass root thereby making sure that every club in Australia related to the sport develops a supportive and welcoming environment for girls and women. Review of Investment for GrassRootCricket: The strategy will also put forward a review on the investment at the grass root level especially for the girls and the boys belonging to the clubs and schools along with a delivery model for the sport(Biscomb Griggs, 2013). Commitment for modified versions of investment made for the year 2017-18. There were also plans for pursuing the development of the formats of social cricket that aligned with the increasing casual participation trends available across sporting sector in the continent. Focusing on ways for Enhancing Fan Engagement: The comprehensive strategy will also help in focusing on elite cricket, as there will be more focus in exploring the ways for increasing the fan engagement with the international cricket. Cricket Australia has easily endorsed the progress made by the international cricket in pursuing changes to the context and the structure that helps in underpinning the competition between the countries(Sturm, 2015). This will enable including a clear structure and larger context for the international cricket that will help in giving more to the fans. In addition to attaining an international stage, it will also help Australian cricket to refine and develop a more robust growth strategy for the Big Bash League for women and men. Ensuring Success of ICC Cricket World Cup: The strategy also meant for ensuring that Australian Cricket association agreed for working towards the success of ICC World Twenty20 in the year 2020 that would also surpass the events of 2015 in terms of viewership, attendees and influence on the growth of game(Maxwell et al., 2013). Recommendation for Future Funding of Cricket The future funding of the cricket can come through partnership of Cricket Australia with territory and state associations. The partnership can invest around $1.5 million into various cricketing related projects through the National Community Facility Funding Scheme. The funding not only increase participation in community cricket but at the same time improve the experience of the volunteers, officials and participants. Increased funding also helps in providing increased access to the sport. Conclusion: The report ends by throwing a light on the future funding of Cricket. There is also discussion on the future trends of cricket. The report further throws a light on the growth of Cricket in Australia and the participation trend of the past. There is also an overview on the cricket as a sport in Australia. In Australia cricket considered as a sport with higher participation rate. The popularity of cricket is so high that there is hardly any chance of overshadowing by other sports. References: Ahmad, H., Daud, A., Wang, L., Hong, H., Dawood, H., Yang, Y. (2017). Prediction of rising stars in the game of cricket. IEEE Access, 5, 4104-4124. Appadurai, A. (2015). Playing with modernity: the decolonization of Indian cricket.Altre Modernit, (14), 1-24. Biscomb, K., Griggs, G. (2013). A splendid effort!Print media reporting of Englands womens performance in the 2009 Cricket World Cup. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 48(1), 99-111. Eime, R., Harvey, J., Charity, M., Casey, M., Westerbeek, H., Payne, W. (2015). Four-year trends in sport participation and retention: The gender differences.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,19, e33-e34. Hajkowicz, S. A., Cook, H., Wilhelmseder, L., Boughen, N. (2013). The Future of Australian Sport: Megatrends shaping the sports sector over coming decades. A Consultancy Report for the Australian Sports Commission. Hickey, C., Harrison, L., Ollis, D., Mooney, A. (2016). The professionalisation of Australian women's cricket: new times and new opportunities. Hulin, B. T., Gabbett, T. J., Blanch, P., Chapman, P., Bailey, D., Orchard, J. W. (2013). Spikes in acute workload are associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers.Br J Sports Med, bjsports-2013. Khoo, C., Schulenkorf, N., Adair, D. (2014). The benefits and limitations of using cricket as a sport for development tool in Samoa.Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal,6(1), 76-102. Maxwell, H., Foley, C., Taylor, T., Burton, C. (2013). Social inclusion in community sport: A case study of Muslim women in Australia.Journal of Sport Management,27(6), 467-481. Orchard, J. W., Blanch, P., Paoloni, J., Kountouris, A., Sims, K., Orchard, J. J., Brukner, P. (2015). Cricket fast bowling workload patterns as risk factors for tendon, muscle, bone and joint injuries. Br J Sports Med, 49(16), 1064-1068. Sissons, R., Stoddart, B. (2014).Cricket and Empire (RLE Sports Studies): The 1932-33 Bodyline Tour of Australia(Vol. 10). Routledge. Sturm, D. (2015). Smash and Bash Cricket? Affective Technological Innovations in the Big Bash.Media International Australia,155(1), 80-88.

Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell Essay Example

Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell Paper The novel Outliers, aims to investigate the very thing we want for our family, our students, and ourselves. For most of our lives we have believed that with hard work, anyone can achieve success. That had to be the reason that poor immigrants like Andrew Carnegie and college dropouts like Bill Gates achieved unimaginable wealth. Most of us were taught that working harder than anyone else would lead to ultimate success. While the author, Malcolm Gladwell, does not dispute that hard work in a necessary component, we learn that many factors, lucky breaks, and some coincidences all occur in making high achievers into true outliers. We also learn that many of the richest, most famous, and most successful people in history are often linked by certain factors that can be traced back to the reason for their successes. The novel is broken down into two sections detailing traits and components that helped pave the way for the ultra-successful. On the following pages I will discuss the factors that Gladwell presented, comment on them, and discuss how they apply to us as burgeoning school administrators. Part One: Opportunity With the section titled â€Å"Opportunity,† Gladwell breaks the path to success into three different sub-groups each with a catchy subtitle. For the purpose of this abstract, I will call them birth date, the 10,000 hour rule, and high IQ. The first factor, which Gladwell delves into, is the birth date of his outliers. Not only the year that someone is born, but also the month and day in which they are born. We will write a custom essay sample on Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Take, for instance, the example of junior hockey players in Canada. Most of the hockey players on the best traveling team in all of Canada had birthdays in the first three months of the year. This seemed like an unbelievable coincidence, until we explore further. Gladwell interviewed people connected with the selection for these teams and it turned out the participants of a certain level had to be born after the New Year. Theoretically a boy born on January 1st would have time to physically mature over someone born towards the end of the year (making that child the youngest on the team). The more physically mature boy would then be selected for the team, get more practice time, better coaching, and compete on a higher level. This created and advantage for older children and created a roadblock in the path for hockey players born towards the end of the year. This is a phenomenon that also happens in our schools. For every kindergarten or first grade class there is a cut-off date for children who are being registered for school. The children closest to the cut-off date have more time to cognitively develop as compared to younger children. This provides the older children with a greater opportunity to be included in gifted classes, have better teachers, explore concepts more in-depth, and get the same head-start on education the older players got in hockey. The 10,000-hour rule, as I have come to realize is quite popular, is Gladwell’s theory that to truly become an expert at something one needs to spend 10,000 hours perfecting the craft. Gladwell cites several examples including a young Bill Gates practicing writing code, but for the sake of space, I will explain one example: The Beatles. While performing in the late 1950’s in Liverpool, The Beatles were not particularly gifted showmen and rarely stood out among other Mersey Beat groups. It wasn’t until they were booked to play clubs in Hamburg that they began to show their true colors. What was it about Hamburg? Gladwell points out that in Germany they played seven days a week for eight hours a day. Along with their Liverpool background, the Beatles had achieved 10,000 hours playing and performing, the magic number for mastering your craft. The 10,000-hour rule can apply several ways within our schools. For students, 10,000 hours can be spent in class, studying, researching, writing and computing. Perhaps to become the best student possible, or at least master the process by which you learn, one must reach that benchmark of time before becoming an expert. For teachers and administrators perhaps we must spend those hours teaching, reflecting, brainstorming, meeting, sharing ideas, and listening to others before we can master the art. Maybe we truly need to spend at that time learning from others and applying what we know before we can really find our niche in this profession. A child’s abnormally high IQ may trigger thoughts of undoubted success for many of us, but Outliers shows us that many with unbridled promise fail to deliver. This study shows that almost all â€Å"geniuses† that fail to complete post-secondary degrees have one glaring trait in common: socioeconomic status. Gladwell presents the case of Chris Langan, a man who’s IQ nears 200 and taught himself to read by age four. Langan spend his adult years as a bouncer and later ran a horse farm. This is hardly dignified work for â€Å"the smartest man in America. Langan’s only mistake was growing up poor. Gladwell compares Langan with Robert Oppenheimer, architect of the atomic bomb. While both were extremely intelligent, only Oppenheimer grew up affluent and gained necessary skills needed to succeed. While Langan had difficultly figuring out the procedures necessary to fill-out financial-aid forms in college, Oppenheimer was raised to learn social niceties. The autho r goes into great detail explaining how the experiences provided to Oppenheimer through family wealth helped separate him from a fate all-to-often found by the poor. The topic of educating the nation’s less fortunate is one that is certainly not new. However, letting talented people slip through the cracks is something that we as educators can help to prevent. Someone with Chris Langan’s intellect does not come often, but that does not mean that as educators we cannot spend time to help those less fortunate. While the affluent can afford private schools, better tutors, and more social experiences, it is our job as public educators to do our best to provide all students with an opportunity to succeed. Prior to reading Outliers, I knew that socioeconomic status certainly played a role, but learning of all the cases where great minds have been wasted most definitely opened my eyes to the plight of the less fortunate. Part Two: Legacy In the second part of the book, the author looks at the backgrounds, influences and cultures to determine their role in someone’s success. Gladwell investigates cultural heritages and their effect on people. He presented the case of Korean Air, the most accident-prone airline in the world. It turns out that Korean culture frowns on speaking or giving commands to one’s superior. Simply put, members of the crew were watching their captains make mistakes with out speaking up and it was costing lives! In order for Korean Air to turn things around, it needed to change the culture. This is mirrored in our public schools across the country. Initiatives are constantly being presented and rarely do the ever affect the status quo. Until the culture of the school is changed improvements will continue to fall by the wayside. Just as in the Korean Air example, subordinates needed to by into the culture change. In schools, it is the teachers and staff that ultimately determine the success of a program. We must change the culture of our schools, get teacher buy-in, and have all staff believe in the change if initiatives are to work. Top-down communication is not the way to effectively foster change; our school culture needs to be reworked. One of the most fascinating chapters in the book is titled â€Å"Rice Paddies and Math Tests. † Gladwell takes on the stereotype of Asian students and their proficiency for math. Again, the answer lay in one’s ancestry and cultural heritage. Asians have subsisted on rice for centuries, and growing rice is one of the most labor-intensive crops in the world. Like math, there is no shortcut to cultivating rice paddies. Reaping a bountiful crop takes hard work, patience, and practice as well precise farming techniques. These traits that are so often associated with the Asian culture are exactly the recipe for success in the field of mathematics. There is no shortcut for math aptitude either. A student must be willing to continue to work after the thought â€Å"This is too hard† has already crossed their minds. In fact, the author found that math aptitude perfectly aligns itself with the countries that values hard work the most. The culture has predisposed them for success in math! Changing students mind and the values of all Americans may be nearly impossible, but a valuable lesson can be learned from all of this. Hard word and determination really does play a part in one’s success, and that it is not all luck, birth dates, and economic circumstance. This also relates closely to the 10,00 hour rule that I discussed earlier. Do you that these farmers have spent 10,000 hours cultivating their fields with backbreaking work? I certainly do. This also sets an example for students and staff hat in order to make real progress we have to keep pushing when things get difficult and persevere if we are to be truly successful. Finally, we examine the case of the KIPP Academy in the Bronx, New York. The KIPP Academy (Knowledge is Power Program) is a school in which almost any child in the Bronx can attend. There are no entry requirements and applicants are not chosen by their parent’s bank account. There i s a catch though: students attend classes from 7:30 AM to 5:00 PM and often have homework until 10 or 11 o’clock. KIPP Academy students also come to school for four hours on Saturdays and five hours each day in the summer. Many of us would wonder why anyone would subject himself or herself to this torture. The answer is simple: 84% of the KIPP students are proficient or advanced in math in an area of poverty, which rarely affords children the educational background to go to college. By presenting this case, Gladwell nicely and neatly wraps up his argument as to why some are successful while others fail. The KIPP Academy has ironed out the wrinkles of birthdays (anyone can attend), socioeconomic status (it matters not how much money you have), and cultural heritage (if you come to KIPP you will get your 10,000 hours regardless of where you came from). The KIPP Academy has placed success solely on the individual. It is up to the person to change his or her future. Success is not made on hard work alone; it is not given either. Rather a serious of factors needs to fall in place in order for the average person to become an outlier. But with knowledge of factors, one can overcome shortcomings and put themselves into positions to greater affect their lives or the lives of their students.

Technology over Time Essays

Technology over Time Essays Technology over Time Essay Technology over Time Essay Information Technology is advancing at a rapid pace, and has been for quite some time. Everything from information storage capabilities to processing speeds are advancing in performance, costs, and quality. Naturally, the laws governing use of technology, relative to the ever-increasing, blurred lines of ethics, must improve also. The No Electronic Theft Act of 1997 (NET) and the Electronic Funds Transfer Act of 1978 (EFT) are some examples of recent improvements to law, and in the case of the EFT Act, new law written.No Electronic Theft (NET) Act of 1997 The No Electronic Theft Act of 1997 was a recent amendment to the U. S. Copyright Law. Congress convened and decided that some changes needed to be made in order to keep up with the pace of changing technology; this amendment addressed some of the problems of the day- like piracy and theft. Also the amendment helped define who was guilty of copyright infringement, and who was not. The damage from piracy had grown over the years as technology had developed and improved, making it easier to produce higher quality copies of copyrighted works in different formats (U. S.Copyright Office: No Electronic Theft Act Of 1997, 2005). Some of the technologies making it easier to pirate software include: the optical drive (ironically appearing in the U. S. in 1997), multimedia technology, hard drive technology (improved storage capacity), and software technology. Also there were technological advances in/with mobile devices, peer to peer software, wireless networks, and flash drives- all of which greased the wheel of piracy. Electronic Transfer Funds Act of 1978 Another enactment necessitated by increasing technological capabilities was the Electronic Fund Transfer Act of 1978 (EFT).The popularization of credit cards likely prompted Congress to draw-up and approve the EFT Act of 1978. Though, not as complex as the 90’s advancement, technology was on the move during the 1970’s. Just a year or two earlier the Visa Card debuted- coincidentally. Electronic transactions were becoming popular. ATM’s where popping-up and several different kinds of credit cards were available by 1978, the first appearing in the United States during the 1920’s (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013). Naturally, as more electronic fund transactions occurred, the threat of theft increased, as well as the need for government.Conclusion As information technology advances, laws governing the use of this technology are written, enacted, and amended. Without frequently updated laws governing the use of information technology, everyone would be at risk- assuming the system would not succumb to chaos and corruption and utterly failing. References: Encyclopedia Britannica. (2013). Retrieved from britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/142321/credit-card U. S. Copyright Office: No Electronic Theft Act. (2005). Retrieved from copyright. gov/docs/2265_stat. html

Strategic Human Resource Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Human Resource Planning - Essay Example The researcher states that the organisations in today’s competitive era have realized the importance of human and capital management because both are considered critical for the achievement of long term and short term goals. The HR managers are now focusing on employing right people, at the right position and at the right time with the right set of skills, knowledge and abilities. Shift from personnel management to human resource has called for innovation and change and thus, keeping this in view, organisations are inclined towards strategic human resource planning as the ultimate solution of the challenges being faced by them in this competitive era. Strategic human resource planning is a process in which organisations ensure that the right people are employed with the right skill set. It is ensured that the desired set of behaviour have been developed in them through employee training or development. Organisations probe into these factors to get to know whether their employe e developmental programs are such that can easily lead to the achievement of organisational goals and objectives or they need to employ such people that can lead to successful completion of tasks. Human resource planning refers to identifying and analysing the availability of human resources for the purpose of ensuring whether an organisation can achieve its intended goals and objectives. It is a complex process and requires specialized skills in the field of planning because it relies heavily on identifying the right set of people with the right skill set. ... It allows managers to evaluate whether they have the right set of people with the right skill set to pursue their organisational strategy. Secondly, it envisioned managers regarding firms’ resources both financial and human capital because these are two of the most important resources that help in the execution of the strategies once they have been devised by the concerned executives. Strategic Human Resource Plan Managers at Jim Cleaning aim at linking their strategic planning process with human resource planning because they are aware of the fact that employees are valuable assets of any organisation and thus, it is required that there should be a proper strategic HR plan devised that depicts a guideline for the employees as to how to move towards achieving their organisational goals and objectives. According to (Snell &Bohlander, 48), following are the steps involved in developing a Strategic HR plan and keeping in view steps the managers at Jim Cleaning proposed for the HR strategic plan. Step 1: Analysing mission, vision and core values The first step involved in developing strategic HR plan is to develop mission and vision statement. Mission statement shows the purpose of existence of the organisation whereas the vision statement shows that what an organisation aspires to become in near future. These statements help organisations to develop their strategic goals and objectives whereas the core values of an organisation provide managers with principles and beliefs that aid them in decision making process. Step 2: Environmental Scanning The second step involved in developing strategic HR plan is environmental screening. Managers at Jim Cleaning are very much concerned regarding

Read the column by Eugene Robinson about the Trayvon Martin shooting Essay

Read the column by Eugene Robinson about the Trayvon Martin shooting. Summarize the main point he is trying to make, and discuss how he uses history to make his point - Essay Example He uses  history  to  determine  that racism is not a new phenomenon but an  act  that has been in  occurrence  since prehistorical times. The  black  men have always had a  mark  on them against all evils and have had to tread carefully wherever and whenever they went. Historically racism directed to all non  white  populations, but currently even other non white races discriminate against the black. For instance, the discrimination of Zimmerman, who is Hispanic, against a black  Trayvon. Through history, he  further  criticizes and mocks the legal and social practices within the societies today. Racism in the past, such as the killing of Till at 14 in Mississippi for flirting with a white woman, was an  evil  act  even though it had mutual  recognition  and practice among all races. In present society, there are laws against racism, and that seems to be accepted within society which make it even more troubling that such acts still  occur  today such as the killing of  Trayvon  martin for walking the â€Å"wrong place and  time†. Even with a black family in the white house and all seaming well, such acts still  occur  in society and the law  still  finds loopholes to defend their

William Shakespeare Sonnet

William Shakespeare Sonnet Comparisons between Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smiths 10 Things I Hate About You and William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew and references to William Shakespeares â€Å"Sonnet 141† Numerous different people have adapted or remade William Shakespeares work The Taming of the Shrew since he wrote it. One of those adaptations is Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smiths 10 Things I Hate About You and has many direct and indirect references to Shakespeares The Taming†¦. First off, the similarity in the naming of the primary characters, the two sisters in The Taming†¦ are named Katherina and Bianca, in 10 Things†¦ Katarina and Bianca. In 10 Things†¦ the girls last name is Stratford undoubtedly a reference to Stratford-Upon-Avon where Shakespeare was born. Petruchio of Verona in The Taming†¦ closely resembles Patrick Verona of 10 Things†¦ The story lines mirror each other closely. Shakespeares Lucentio wants to marry Bianca but is unable to until her older sister is first wed. In 10 Things†¦ Joey is in the same situation wanting to date Bianca but she is unable to until her older sister starts dating. In both works, Petruchio and Patrick are relatively unknowns from out of town. In The Taming†¦ Hortensio has disguised himself as a music teacher, so that he can spend time with Bianca and woo her secretly. Looking at 10 Things†¦ Cameron becomes a French tutor to Bianca because he wants to be around Bianca and hopes to woo her as well. There are other points in 10 Things†¦ that reference Shakespeare, in Wikipedia it is noted that; At several points the characters also either directly quote Shakespeare or allude to his style of writing in their own speech, typically for comedic value. For example, upon seeing Bianca for the first time, Cameron declares, â€Å"I burn, I pine, I perish!† (10 things) Which is a direct quote from The Taming†¦ that Lucento says in Act I scene i. Tranio, I burn, I pine, I perish, Tranio, If I achieve not this young modest girl. Counsel me, Tranio, for I know thou canst: Assist me, Tranio, for I know thou wilt (The Taming). What Lucento is saying is that he wants to wed Bianca and he is asking Tranio, his servant, how he can achieve this. Continuing from Wikipedia, â€Å"Also, when Michael pulls out on his motorbike in front of [Katarina] and she apprehends him, he calls her the shrew.† (10 things) I found this to be very interesting as many modern students have a very hard time relating to Shakespeare. This was a very bold move by Lutz and Smith and in 10 Things†¦ they really pulled it off well in that I did not even notice it the first few times that I watched it. Once I did notice this, I felt that the bringing the classics to the modern screen enhanced this movie even more. Katharina has the homework assignment to write her own version of Shakespeares â€Å"Sonnet 141†. Her poem â€Å"10 things I hate about you† obviously becomes the title of the movie. The first two lines of â€Å"Sonnet 141† read, â€Å"In faith, I do not love thee with mine eyes, For they in thee a thousand errors note;† (Sonnet) What it seems that Shakespeare is saying I love you but not for your physical beauty in Katharinas version she states, â€Å"I hate the way you talk to me, and the way you cut your hair† (10 things). Not an exact match but her poem reflects what Shakespeare was conveying in â€Å"Sonnet 141† which I see as, you are not perfect but I love you in so many ways nonetheless. This can also be seen in next two lines of â€Å"Sonnet 141† â€Å"But tis my heart that loves what they despise,Who, in despite of view, is pleasd to dote.† (Sonnet) Which say that no matter what some see I will dote on you because my heart loves what others may not like. The rest of â€Å"Sonnet 141† is much the same just stated much more eloquently by Shakespeare. The last line of Katharinas version is,â€Å"But mostly I hate the way I dont hate you. Not even close, not even a little bit, not even at all† (10 Things) This is in essence exactly what Shakespeare says in â€Å"Sonnet 141† just taking the reverse, he loves her yet he cannot say why and Kat says I should hate you but I do not. There are other correlations between 10 Things I Hate About You and The Taming of the Shrew beyond what I have shown here. I believe that this was an excellent modernizing of a truly great work of Shakespeares. 10 Things†¦ uses a classic story bringing it to a new generation even if they do not realize it. Most will agree that the movie was purely for entertainment but who knows they may have learned something along the way. Work Cited 10 Things I Hate About You. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 4 Mar 2007, 18:30 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 4 Mar 2007. d=112609421>. Sonnet 141. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 19 Jan 2007, 01:35 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 5 Mar 2007. . The Taming of the Shrew. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 3 Mar 2007, 19:02 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 4 Mar 2007. 12378181>. I have included both Kats poem from 10 Things†¦ and â€Å"Sonnet 141† Kats 10 Things I Hate About You I hate the way you talk to me, and the way you cut your hair. I hate the way you drive my car. I hate it when you stare. I hate your big dumb combat boots, and the way you read my mind. I hate you so much it makes me sick; it even makes me rhyme. I hate the way youre always right. I hate it when you lie. I hate it when you make me laugh, even worse when you make me cry. I hate it when youre not around, and the fact that you didnt call. But mostly I hate the way I dont hate you. Not even close, not even a little bit, not even at all. Sonnet 141 by William Shakespeare In faith, I do not love thee with mine eyes, For they in thee a thousand errors note; But tis my heart that loves what they despise, Who, in despite of view, is pleasd to dote. Nor are mine ears with thy tongues tune delighted; Nor tender feeling, to base touches prone. Nor taste nor smell desire to be invited To any sensual feast with thee alone: But my five wits nor my five senses can Dissuade one foolish heart from serving thee, Who leaves unswayd the likeness of a man, Thy proud hearts slave and vassal wretch to be: Only my plague thus far I count my gain, That she that makes me sin awards me pain

The Concept of Justice

Socrates and Aristotle both have contrasting views of the concept of justice which serves to influence their notions of an ideal constitution. The abstract, speculative ideas of Socrates will be compared and contrasted with the practical, sensory ones of Aristotle in matters concerning justice and politics. Both Aristotle and Socrates disagree with regards to the definition of justice and what qualities are attributed to a just person. According to Aristotle, a just person must follow the law and refrain from greed. In the opinion of Socrates, greed consists of taking more than what is required to survive. He stresses the importance of prudence and temperance in the lives of a just person. Aristotle, however, states that a greedy person is someone who does not understand the difference between taking what is good and what is not good. A wealthy person can also be just. Aristotle provides two different types of justice which he labels distributive and rectifactory justice. Distributive justice is concerned with the distribution of money, honour, and other resources amongst those who have a share in public organization. Equality is of the greatest importance when distributing goods. Rectifactory justice concerns transactions between individuals in which both parties mutually exchange goods or services. Through both of these means Aristotle seeks to provide justice in the written law of his polis which is devoted to the advantage of all. However, Socrates views justice as the harmonious parts of the person or of a city. A just man, therefore, is in just the right place and doing his best to perform his function. He claims that the function of a human being is deliberation, ruling, living, and taking care of things. The ideas of Aristotle differ greatly from this perspective. He states that the human function is to perform activities that express reason. Socrates views his ideal city in which every person performs his or her function. His views pertain to the community in which a person lives while Aristotle’s views are more individualistic as someone who expresses reason in his logic can do so without other people or his community. In the Republic, Socrates attempts to illustrate his views with the parable of the ship. The unjust city is like an open ocean crewed by a powerful but drunken captain (representing the ignorant common people), a group of untrustworthy advisors (politicians), and a navigator (the philosopher). The only way the ship will reach its destination, the good, is if the navigator takes charge. Philosophers, who are lovers of wisdom, should rule because they understand what is good and just. It is also the opinion of Socrates that people who have been the victims of injustice are more likely to become unjust themselves. He disagrees with the notion that returning debts owed, helping friends, and harming enemies are not suitable reasons for doing injustice: â€Å"So if someone tells us it is just to give to each what he is owed and understands by this that a just man should harm his enemies and benefit his friends, the one who says it is not wise. I mean, what he says is not true. For it has become clear to us that it is never just to harm anyone† (Plato, Republic, 335e). A wise person would understand that it is not beneficial to his soul to do injustice only to his enemies. A wise person, according to Socrates would never harm anyone. He maintains that a kind just ruler judges what is best for his people and holds their interests in greater esteem than his friends or family: â€Å"†¦ No one in any position of rule†¦ considers or enjoins what is advantageous for himself, but what is advantageous for his subjects† (Plato, Republic, 342e). A ruler who performs acts of injustice is, by nature, more prone to corruption and tyranny. In this way he gives increased support to his argument concerning philosophers as rulers of the polis. Socrates and Aristotle also differ in their opinions as to which form of government is best to rule the polis. Socrates defends the notion that the city would best be governed by the philosopher-kings; a group of people who had endured rigorous mental and physical training for the majority of their lives. They would govern together as a group or an oligarchy. Aristotle recognizes the fact that it is possible for an oligarchy to degenerate into a tyranny, which is the worst possible state. He recommends the formation of a polity or a democracy as the lesser of two evils. Socrates draws a fine line between ignorance and wisdom. It is, in fact, recognizing what one does not know from what one knows. Therefore, if one cannot recognize the virtue of justice, one must be said to be ignorant: â€Å"†¦ if justice is indeed wisdom and virtue, it will be easy to show, I suppose, that it is stronger than injustice, since injustice is ignorance† (Plato, Republic, 351a). Wisdom is undoubtedly the more esteemed when compared with ignorance and consequently justice must be better esteemed than injustice. However, Socrates is confronted with arguments in favour of injustice. He attempts to defend justice as being more profitable than injustice: â€Å"†¦ that to do injustice is naturally good and to suffer injustice bad†¦ The best is to do injustice without paying the penalty; the worst is to suffer it without taking revenge† (Plato, Republic, 358e). In other words, it is acceptable and encouraged for someone to perform acts of injustice as long as he is not found out and does not suffer the consequences. If however, an act of injustice is carried out against someone, it is the duty of the victim to take revenge on him. Socrates points out that this course of action leads only to unimportant material gain. Thrasymachus claims that committing acts of injustice without being caught is more profitable to one’s reputation and would allow one to achieve more. Socrates acknowledges that although a person engaging in injustice will most likely become wealthy in physical attributes, he lacks the fundamental virtues and characteristics of a good man. The virtue of something is the state or property that makes it good. For instance, the virtue of a man may include his intelligence, courage, or sense of justice. Justice, in this case, is a moral behaviour which is said to belong to virtuous people. Therefore, justice itself is a virtue. Thrasymachus’ argument has no merit because a man who strives to achieve more by acquiring material wealth through committing acts of injustice lacks the more esteemed virtues of wisdom and justice. It is also the opinion of Socrates that just people are happier and live better lives than unjust ones. He is, of course, talking about the happiness of the soul rather than its shell, the body. Much as the virtue of the eyes is to see and the virtue of the ears to hear, the virtue of the soul is justice: â€Å"†¦ ustice is a soul’s virtue and justice its vice† (Plato, Republic, 353e). It is more profitable for a person to be just than unjust, as he will be giving his soul its virtue and therefore living a happy life. Better is the poor man with a good just soul than the rich man who has made his wealth through vice with a tainted soul. However, it must be pointed out that although Socrates claims that justice leads to happiness, he deprives the rulers of his city of happiness, though they are supposed to be trained in justice and wisdom. As Aristotle states: â€Å"†¦ ven though Socrates deprives the guardians of their happiness, he says that the legislator should make the whole city-state happy. But it is impossible for the whole to be happy unless all, most, are some of its parts are happy† (Aristotle, Politics, 1264b). Socrates thought it was crucial that the guardians were not given the sort of happiness which would no longer make them guardians. For a potter who is given jewels and riches no longer practices the art of pottery and so is no longer considered a potter. Likewise, a guardian must not be given wealth or earthly comforts but remain content with his role. Aristotle argues that even if the guardian class is not happy, it is impossible for the craftsmen, farmers, and lower classes to be happy. Without happiness, there is no justice. Socrates also claims that just people are able to work together in order to achieve a common goal. He maintains that just people working together are able to get along without doing injustice amongst themselves: â€Å"†¦ just people are wiser and better and more capable of acting, while unjust ones are not even able to act together† (Plato, Republic, 352c). Injustice causes factions, hatreds, and quarrels among people and friends. A band of robbers with a common unjust purpose would not be able to achieve it if they are unjust amongst themselves. Injustice provides conditions in which it is impossible for people to work together. Therefore, injustice prevents the different parts of the soul from working together toward a common goal. In the case of friendship and justice, Socrates and Aristotle seem to be in mutual accord. Aristotle believes friendship and comradeship to be one of the key components of leading a good life. He viewed justice as the equitability or fairness in interpersonal relations. Virtuous habits can be acquired within a moral community which ultimately leads to a virtuous and moral life. Socrates believes that the nature of the state is analogous with the nature of the individual and the nature of the soul. The soul comprises of three key principles which he calls reason, appetite, and spirit. Justice in the individual is harmony among the principles of the soul achieved by rationality and reason. He believes that the guardians have achieved harmony within their souls and so must be considered just. Since the faculties of an individual correspond on a smaller scale to that of the state, justice must also exist in the individual. Socrates believes in unity, as expressed by his confidence in the ability of just people to work together and of the family structure in the Republic. Women and children are to be shared communally by the guardians. No one woman, child, or possession is to belong to one man but rather to be shared by the whole. The well-being of the polis is placed before the well-being of an individual. Aristotle agrees that unity needs to be present to a certain extent within a city but alleges that a man who can call something his own takes more pride in it. He loves a son he can call his own more than a boy who is a son of every man. He also takes more pride in his work when he knows that what he is producing will benefit himself and his family. Socrates claims that temperance is the path to happiness and virtue and a person should only own what he needs to live temperately. Aristotle disagrees with this notion and states that it is possible to live temperately and wretchedly; the lack of property does not necessarily lead to a good life. A good person can be good even independently of the society. However, a good person is a good citizen and a good citizen can exist only as a part of the social structure. In this way, the state is, in a sense, prior to the citizen. It is evident Socrates and Aristotle share the common belief that justice is undoubtedly more beneficial than injustice. However, their definitions of justice vary greatly. The main and most crucial difference between the perspectives of Aristotle and Socrates is their view of friendship and unity. Aristotle believes that the virtue of justice encompasses all other virtues because it treats the interactions between people rather than just the dispositions of the individual. Socrates believes that the virtue of justice is first and foremost beneficial to one’s soul. Despite their contrasting views, both Aristotle and Socrates believe that justice is one of the highest and most sought after virtues. If one is to have a good life, one must be just.

Aristotle Biography Essay

Philosopher (c. 384 BCE–c. 322 BCE) Synopsis Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was born circa 384 B.C. in Stagira, Greece. When he turned 17, he enrolled in Plato’s Academy. In 338, he began tutoring Alexander the Great. In 335, Aristotle founded his own school, the Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent most of the rest of his life studying, teaching and writing. Aristotle died in 322 B.C., after he left Athens and fled to Chalcis. Early Life Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was born circa 384 B.C. in Stagira, a small town on the northern coast of Greece that was once a seaport. Aristotle’s father, Nicomachus, was court physician to the Macedonian king Amyntas II. Although Nicomachus died when Aristotle was just a young boy, Aristotle remained closely affiliated with and influenced by the Macedonian court for the rest of his life. Little is known about his mother, Phaestis; she is also believed to have died when Aristotle was young.After Aristotle’s father died, Proxenus of Atarneus, who was married to Aristotle’s older sister, Arimneste, became Aristotle’s guardian until he came of age. When Aristotle turned 17, Proxenus sent him to Athens to pursue a higher education. At the time, Athens was considered the academic center of the universe. In Athens, Aristotle enrolled in Plato’s Academy, Greek’s premier learning institution, and proved an exemplary scholar. Aristotle maintained a relationship with Greek philosopher Plato, himself a student of Socrates, and his academy for two decades. Plato died in 347 B.C. Because Aristotle had disagreed with some of Plato’s philosophical treatises, Aristotle did not inherit the position of director of the academy, as many imagined hewould.After Plato died, Aristotle’s friend Hermias, king of Atarneus and Assos in Mysia, invited Aristotle to court. During his three-year stay in Mysia, Aristotle met and married his first wifePythias, Hermias’ niece. Together, the couple had a daughter, Pythias, named after her mother. Teaching In 338 B.C., Aristotle went home to Macedonia to start tutoring King Phillip II’s son, the then 13-year-old Alexander the Great. Phillip and Alexander both held Aristotle in high esteem and ensured that the Macedonia court generously compensated him for his work. In 335 B.C., after Alexander had succeeded his father as king and conquered Athens, Aristotle went back to the city. In Athens, Plato’s Academy, now run by Xenocrates, was still the leading influence on Greek thought. With Alexander’s permission, Aristotle started his own school in Athens, called the Lyceum. On and off, Aristotle spent most of the remainder of his life working as a teacher, researcher and writer at the Lyceum in Athens. Because Aristotle was known to walk around the school grounds while teaching, his students, forced to follow him, were nicknamed the â€Å"Peripatetics,† meaning â€Å"people who travel about.† Lyceum members researched subjects ranging from science and math to philosophy and politics, and nearly everything in between. Art was also a popular area of interest. Members of the Lyceum wrote up their findings in manuscripts. In so doing, they built the school’s massive collection of written materials, which by ancient accounts was credited as one of the first great libraries. In the same year that Aristotle opened the Lyceum, his wife Pythias died. Soon after, Aristotle embarked on a romance with a woman named Herpyllis, who hailed from his hometown of Stagira. According to some historians, Herpyllis may have been Aristotle’s slave, granted to him by the Macedonia court. They presume that he eventually freed and married her. Regardless, it is known that Herpyllis bore Aristotle children, including one son named Nicomachus, after Aristotle’s father. Aristotle is believed to have named his famed philosophical work Nicomachean Ethics in tribute to his son. When Aristotle’s former student Alexander the Great died suddenly in 323 B.C., the pro-Macedonian government was overthrown, and in light of anti-Macedonia sentiment , Aristotle was charge with impiety. To avoid being prosecuted, he left Athens and fled to Chalcis on the island of Euboea, where he would remain until his death.

The American Dream By Christopher Columbus - 1470 Words

â€Å"Only in America can someone start with nothing and achieve the American Dream. That s the greatness of this country,† said Rafael Cruz. The American Dream is a national philosophy of the United States, which includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward social mobility for the family and children, achieved through hard work in a society with few barriers. However, Americans have seemed to provide its own barriers through racial discrimination and cultural ignorance. The true American is represented by the people of the world, including the original Americans and the people who come to this country with only the clothes on their backs. Native-born Americans in 2015 seem to be unaware of the beauty of different cultures, and how their values are crippling their own society. Once he had arrived upon the sandy beaches of the New World in 1492, Christopher Columbus had mentioned that the Native Americans would be excellent slaves. Columbus ironically called these natives Indians, accidently suggesting the metaphorical idea that these people did not even belong to their homeland. The Native Americans are a victim of European greed and disease, with the American Holocaust reducing the indigenous population of the Western Hemisphere from 1.8 million at the arrival of Columbus to around 50 million towards the end of the 19th century. Integrated communities were forced into slavery, exploited for the personal gain of foreigners and replaced with AfricanShow MoreRelatedChristopher Columbus and the Tenents of the American Dream1158 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher Columbus was a man in history that had a profound impact on each of the tenets of the American Dream. Though not each impact was one that was positive, it was an impact nonetheless, and so I believe t hat he was able to have a profound impact on the dreams. 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